从湿热体质论治脂溢性脱发

中医对于脂溢性脱发，传统多按"血热风燥""血虚风燥""湿热""肝肾不足"等分型论治，虽能取得一定的临床疗效，暂时缓解病情，但难以根治，给患者带来困扰。倪诚教授根据国医大师王琦教授所提出的"肤-体相关论""体质可调论"，认为湿热体质是脂溢性脱发发病的主要土壤，指出瘀浊蛀发是脂溢性脱发的病机要点，治疗上以清利湿热调体治本、凉血活血为主、佐以滋养肝肾，方用茵陈蒿汤合升降散加减配合外洗经验方，从标本兼顾、分期论治、内服外洗等方面治疗脂溢性脱发，在临床上取得良好的疗效。     

基于中医古籍文献的升降散应用溯源及探析

通过对中医古籍中有关升降散论述的文献梳理,全面探讨其内涵。本方是在大黄、僵蚕为雏形的基础上增加蝉蜕、姜黄而成方,几经易名,终在杨璿《伤寒瘟疫条辨》中为后人所熟知。本方广泛用于治疗瘟疫,以丸剂、散剂为主,方便携带,便于服用;重用大黄旨在祛邪、逐秽;应用时视人之体质强弱和量其毒之轻重而判断用药多寡,并辅以米酒、生蜜等以顾护正气。杨璿将其由治疗“热疫”的专方扩展为治疗“表里三焦大热”的通用方剂,扩大了本方治疗疾病范围。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探究槐花散治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制＊

目的 该研究采用网络药理学和分子对接的研究方法结合体内实验探讨槐花散治疗溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis， UC）的主要化合物和靶点，并分析其作用机制。方法 利用多个数据库筛选药物活性成分、药物靶点和UC疾病基因，并进行拓扑分析，构建“化合物-药物靶点-疾病基因”关系网络。利用DAVID在线分析工具对候选靶点进行基因本体（Gene ontology， GO）功能和生物通路（KEGG）富集分析。通过SYBYL X2.0软件进行分子对接，获取总评分、共识评分和结合位点。利用硫酸葡聚糖钠盐（dextran sodium sulfate，DSS）建立UC小鼠模型，槐花散干预后，评估疾病活动指数和结肠病理，RT-qPCR检测白介素6（IL-6）、白介素17（IL-17）mRNA表达水平，Western Blot检测IL-6、IL-17蛋白表达水平。结果 槐花散中有20个化合物对应375个靶点对121个UC疾病基因产生影响。对72个关键靶点作GO功能分析筛选得303个GO条目，其中生物过程相关的条目223条，细胞组成相关的条目25条，分子功能相关的条目55条。KEGG富集分析筛选得到88条通路。分子对接结果显示关键靶点与对应的化合物有较好的结合活性。体内实验显示，槐花散可以改善UC小鼠DAI评分，下调IL-6、IL-17的表达，减轻结肠组织病理损伤。结论 槐花散治疗UC具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点，为槐花散治疗UC的进一步研究提供了理论依据。     

Shenling Baizhu Powder (参苓白术散) Ameliorates Pi (Spleen)-Deficiency-Induced Functional Diarrhea in Rats

Objective To explore the mechanism of Pi(Spleen)-deficiency-induced functional diarrhea(FD)model rats treated by Shenling Baizhu Powder(参苓白术散,SBP).Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups including control,model,low-,medium-,and high-dose SBP groups(SBPLDG,SBPMDG,SBPHDG),6 rats in each group,respectively.Pi-deficiency-induced FD rats model was developed through Radix et Rhizoma Rhei gavage for 7 days.After modeling,the rats were treated with 3 doses of SBP[0.93,1.86,and 3.72 g/(kg·d)],and the rats in the control and model groups were given pure water for 7 days.The diarrhea index was calculated.On the 7th and 14th days,the traveled distance of rat was measured by the open field test.Serum D-xylose content was determined by the phloroglucinol method and interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-17 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.The content of Treg cells was determined by flow cytometry.Results Compared with the control group,the diarrhea index and IL-17 level in the model group were significantly higher and the total exercise distance and D-xylose content significantly decreased(P>0.05).The expression of IL-10 in the SBPHDG group was significantly up-regulated,and serum D-xylose level and Treg cells increased significantly compared with the model group(P>0.05).Conclusion High-dose SBP exhibited ameliorating effects against Pi-deficiency induced FD,which might be attributed to its modulations on intestinal absorption function as well as adaptive immunity in mesenteric lymph nodes of rat.     

热咳散治疗痰热内蕴型哮喘患儿的临床研究

目的:探讨痰热内蕴型哮喘婴幼儿西医常规治疗基础上使用自拟热咳散治疗的临床疗效，为其临床应用提供理论依据。方法:选取2017年3月至2018年9月中山市中医院收治的痰热内蕴型哮喘婴幼儿112例作为研究对象，根据治疗方式的不同分为对照组与观察组，每组56例。对照组采用常规治疗，观察组在对照组基础上加用自配热咳散，比较2组患儿肺功能指标（FEF25%、FEF50%、IgE）；血清生化指标（IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、Cal-3）和C-ACT和MARS-A评分的差异。结果:对照组FEF25%、FEF50%显著低于观察组，对照组IgE含量显著高于观察组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患儿治疗有效率和治疗效果构成差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后观察组IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、Cal-3含量低于对照组，观察组C-ACT评分、MARS-A评分高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:相比于西医常规治疗的治疗手段，在其基础上连用自拟热咳散的治疗效果更佳，患者症状改善时间也相对较短。     

基于体质与证候辨析的气郁体质主药主方筛选

针对目前临床上对气郁体质与气郁证候关系的内涵界定不清、二者选药用方不分甚至等同等误区，先从气郁体质与气郁证的辨识内容、调治目的、主药配伍进行解析，继而从辨体用方用药角度，介绍气郁体质调体主药主方。通过探讨，对于提高气郁体质调体选药用方的精准性及防控相关疾病的有效性具有较高的临床指导价值。     

参苓白术散加减对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物性腹泻患儿免疫功能及肠道菌群的分析

目的探讨参苓白术散加减对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物性腹泻(AAD)患儿免疫功能及肠道菌群的分析。方法选取2017年2月~2018年9月收治的90例β-内酰胺类抗菌药物性腹泻患儿作为研究对象,使用随机数表法将其随机等分为研究组与对照组,对照组45例给予常规西医治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上给予参苓白术散加减治疗,观察其对两组患儿免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响,临床疗效情况。结果研究组的临床疗效情况显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后其CD4+/CD8+、CD4+、IgA、IgG免疫功能指标均得到显著改善,研究组患儿的各项指标改善度明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后PCT、血清二胺氧化酶、sIgA含量及粪便球/杆菌比例水平均有所改善,研究组的改善情况明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论参苓白术散加减治疗对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物性腹泻患儿的疗效明显,改善免疫功能和肠道菌群。     

基于泛素-蛋白酶体途径探讨远志散“益气化痰开窍”治疗阿尔茨海默病的科学内涵＊

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer′s disease，AD）是一种常见的神经系统退行性疾病，磷酸化Tau蛋白异常聚集所形成的神经纤维缠结（Neurofibrillary tangles，NFTs）是AD的典型病理特征，直接参与AD的发生发展。因此，AD的治疗可从调节磷酸化Tau蛋白异常聚集入手。中医学认为“痰浊”是导致AD发生的重要病理因素之一，“正气亏虚，痰浊蒙窍”是AD的核心病机。“痰浊”与磷酸化Tau蛋白异常聚集密切相关，磷酸化Tau蛋白异常聚集可归属“痰浊”的范畴。化痰开窍与减少磷酸化Tau蛋白聚集在AD的治疗中有不谋而合之处。泛素-蛋白酶体系统（Ubiquitin-proteasome system，UPS）是细胞内蛋白降解的主要途径，参与AD进程中磷酸化Tau蛋白的降解。UPS功能受损是磷酸化Tau蛋白异常聚集和AD发生的重要原因。本文试图从中医“痰”的视角认识磷酸化Tau蛋白异常聚集，探讨中医“痰浊”与现代医学磷酸化Tau蛋白异常聚集的相关性，并从UPS视角提出益气化痰开窍法治疗AD的作用机制假说，推测UPS可能是远志散益气化痰开窍干预AD的主要途径，精确调控UPS可能是未来研究防治AD的新视角，为科学阐释通过调控UPS蛋白降解途径治疗AD的作用机制提供新思路。     

三七粉质量标志物研究＊

三七为常用中药材，具有散瘀、止血，消肿定痛的功效。三七粉作为三七市场应用的主要形式之一，市场逐年增大。现行标准难以评价和控制三七粉“多重功效”的质量特点。本课题组在系统辨识三七粉化学物质组及其传递规律的基础上，采用网络药理学和体内、体外模型，研究并阐明了三七粉的活血、心肌与血管保护、止血以及消肿定痛的药效物质基础；进一步结合成分的特有性分析，确定了三七粉的质量标志物；在此基础上，建立了基于质量标志物的三七粉的指纹图谱及“一测多评”的多指标含量测定方法，为建立三七粉整体质量控制方法提供了理论与实验证据。     

Synthesis and evaluation of the structural and physicochemical properties of carboxymethyl pregelatinized starch as a pharmaceutical excipient

A pregelatinized starch (PGS) was derivatized with sodium chloroacetate (SCA) in alcoholic medium under alkaline condition to produce carboxymethyl pregelatinized starch (CMPGS) with various degrees of substitution (DS). Influence of the molar ratio of SCA to the glucopyranose units (SCA/GU), reaction time, temperature and the amount of sodium hydroxide on the degree of substitution (DS) and the reaction efficiency (RE) was studied. An optimal concentration of 30% of NaOH, for a reaction time of 1 h at 50 °C and molar ratio (SCA/GU) equal to 1.0, yielded an optimal DS of 0.55 and a RE of 55%. SEM micrographs revealed that the carboxymethylation assigned the structural arrangement of CMPGS and caused the granular disintegration. Wide angle diffraction X-ray (XRD) showed that the crystallinity of starch was obviously varied after carboxymethylation. New bands in FTIR spectra at 1417 and 1603 cm⁻¹ indicated the presence of carboxymethyl groups. The solubility and viscosity of CMPGS increased with an increase in the degree of modification. In order to investigate the influence of DS on physical and drug release properties, CMPGS obtained with DS in the range of 0.12–0.55 was evaluated as tablet excipient for sustained drug release. Dissolution tests performed in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), with Ibuprofen as drug model (25% loading) showed that CMPGS seems suitable to be used as sustained release excipient since the drug release was driven over a period up to 8 h. The in vitro release kinetics studies revealed that all formulations fit well with Korsmeyer-Peppas model and the mechanism of drug release is non-Fickian diffusion.